ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa kopa hao i ka hana ʻana o PVC kā lākou kuleana a me ke ʻano hana

Ua kaulana ʻo Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) no kona ʻano maʻalahi, kūpono i ke kumukūʻai, a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā huahana hope he nui ʻole—mai nā mea kūkulu hale a hiki i nā mea lapaʻau a me nā waiwai mea kūʻai. Eia naʻe, aia kēia mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kahi nāwaliwali koʻikoʻi: ka paʻa ʻole o ka wela. Ke hōʻike ʻia i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (160-200°C) e pono ai no ka extrusion, injection molding, a i ʻole calendering, hana ʻo PVC i kahi hana dehydrochlorination luku. Hoʻokuʻu kēia hopena i ka waikawa hydrochloric (HCl), kahi mea hoʻoulu e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hopena kaulahao hoʻomau ponoʻī, e alakaʻi ana i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka discoloration, brittleness, a me ka nalowale o ka ikaika mechanical. No ka hoʻēmi ʻana i kēia pilikia a wehe i ka hiki piha o PVC, ʻo nā mea hoʻopaʻa wela he mau mea hoʻohui i hiki ʻole ke kūkākūkā ʻia. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, kū nā Metal Soap Stabilizers ma ke ʻano he hopena kihi, i mahalo ʻia no ko lākou pono, kūlike, a me ka hoʻohana ākea. Ma kēia blog, e ʻeli mākou i ke kuleana a me ke ʻano o nā Metal Soap Stabilizers i ka hana ʻana o PVC, e hoʻomālamalama i nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e like me nā ʻano Zinc stearate PVC, a e ʻimi i kā lākou mau noi honua maoli ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea mua, e wehewehe kākou i ke ahaNā mea hoʻopaʻa kopa haoʻo ia hoʻi. Ma ko lākou kumu, ʻo kēia mau mea hoʻopaʻa he mau hui metala organik i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hopena o nā waikawa momona (e like me ka stearic, lauric, a i ʻole oleic acid) me nā oxides metala a i ʻole hydroxides. ʻO nā "kopa" hopena e hōʻike ana i kahi cation metala—maʻamau mai nā hui 2 (nā metala honua alkaline e like me ka calcium, barium, a i ʻole magnesium) a i ʻole 12 (zinc, cadmium) o ka papa periodic—i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi anion waikawa momona kaulahao lōʻihi. ʻO kēia ʻano kemika kū hoʻokahi ka mea e hiki ai i kā lākou kuleana pālua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o PVC: scavenging HCl a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻātoma chlorine labile i loko o ke kaulahao polymer PVC. ʻAʻole like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa inorganic, he lipophilic nā Metal Soap Stabilizers, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hui pū ʻia me PVC a me nā mea hoʻohui organik ʻē aʻe (e like me nā plasticizers), e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana like ma o ka mea. ʻO ko lākou kūlike me nā ʻano PVC paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻopaʻa hou i ko lākou kūlana ma ke ʻano he koho hele no nā mea hana.

ʻO ke ʻano hana o nā Metal Soap Stabilizers he hana paʻakikī, he nui nā ʻanuʻu e kuhikuhi ana i nā kumu kumu o ka hōʻino ʻana o PVC. I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai, pono mākou e hōʻuluʻulu mua i ke kumu e hōʻino ai ʻo PVC i ka wela. Loaʻa i ke kaulahao molekala o PVC nā "hemahema" - nā ʻātoma chlorine labile i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻātoma kalapona tertiary a i ʻole e pili ana i nā pilina pālua. ʻO kēia mau hemahema nā wahi hoʻomaka no ka dehydrochlorination i ka wā e hoʻomehana ʻia ai. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo HCl, hoʻoikaika ia i ka wehe ʻana o nā molekala HCl hou aʻe, e hana ana i nā pilina pālua i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke kaulahao polymer. Hoʻopili kēia mau pilina pālua i ka mālamalama, e hoʻolilo ana i ka mea i melemele, ʻalani, a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke kaulahao i haki ʻia e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika tensile a me ka maʻalahi.

 

 

Hoʻokomo nā Metal Soap Stabilizers i kēia kaʻina hana ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, hana lākou ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻopau HCl (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau mea ʻae waikawa). Hoʻopili ka cation metala i loko o ke kopa me HCl e hana i kahi chloride metala paʻa a me kahi waikawa momona. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā ʻōnaehana Zinc stearate PVC, hoʻopili ka zinc stearate me HCl e hana i ka zinc chloride a me ka stearic acid. Ma ka hoʻopau ʻana iā HCl, hoʻōki ka stabilizer i ka hopena kaulahao autocatalytic, e pale ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻana. ʻO ka lua, nui nā Metal Soap Stabilizers—ʻoi aku ka poʻe i loaʻa ka zinc a i ʻole cadmium—e hana i kahi hopena pani, e pani ana i nā ʻātoma chlorine labile i loko o ke kaulahao PVC me ka anion waikawa momona. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi loulou ester paʻa, e hoʻopau ana i ka hemahema e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a mālama i ka pono o ke ʻano o ka polymer. ʻO kēia hana pālua—ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka waikawa a me ka uhi ʻana i nā hemahema—e hoʻolilo i nā Metal Soap Stabilizers i mea maikaʻi loa i ka pale ʻana i ka discoloration mua a me ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa wela lōʻihi.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻohe Metal Soap Stabilizer hoʻokahi i kūpono no nā noi āpau. Akā, hoʻohana pinepine nā mea hana i nā hui synergistic o nā kopa metala like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana. No ka laʻana, nā kopa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka zinc (e like meʻO ka stearate zinc) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka mālama ʻana i ke kala mua, e pane koke ana i ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻātoma chlorine labile a pale i ka melemele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka zinc chloride—kahi hopena o kā lākou hana acid-scavenging—he waikawa Lewis palupalu e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka degradation i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​manawa hana lōʻihi (kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia ʻo "zinc burn"). No ke kūʻē ʻana i kēia, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā kopa zinc me nā kopa calcium a i ʻole barium. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa nā kopa calcium a me barium i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala mua akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā scavengers HCl, e hoʻopau ana i ka zinc chloride a me nā huahana acidic ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu kēia hui ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana kaulike: hōʻoia ka zinc i ke kala mua ʻālohilohi, ʻoiai ʻo ka calcium/barium e hāʻawi i ka paʻa wela lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻano hana Zinc stearate PVC, no ka laʻana, hoʻokomo pinepine i ka calcium stearate e hōʻemi i ka puhi zinc a hoʻolōʻihi i ka puka makani hana o ka mea.

I mea e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ai i ke ʻano like ʻole o nā Metal Soap Stabilizers a me kā lākou mau noi, e nānā kākou i nā ʻano maʻamau, ko lākou mau waiwai, a me nā hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hana ʻana o PVC. Hōʻike ka papa ma lalo nei i nā laʻana koʻikoʻi, me Zinc stearate, a me kā lākou kuleana i ka PVC paʻa a palupalu:

 

 

E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka papa, ua uhi ʻia nā noi Zinc stearate PVC i nā ʻano paʻa a me nā ʻano maʻalahi, mahalo i kona versatility a me ka hana kala mua ikaika. I loko o ka ʻili PVC maʻalahi no ka ʻōpala meaʻai, no ka laʻana, ua hui pū ʻia ʻo Zinc stearate me ka calcium stearate e hōʻoia i ka noho maopopo a paʻa o ke kiʻi i ka wā o ka extrusion, ʻoiai e hoʻokō ana i nā lula palekana meaʻai. I loko o nā ʻaoʻao puka makani PVC paʻa, kōkua ʻo Zinc stearate i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala keʻokeʻo ʻālohilohi o ke ʻano, ʻoiai ke hana ʻia i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, a hana pū me ka barium stearate e pale aku i ka wā lōʻihi.

 

 

E luʻu hohonu kākou i nā hiʻohiʻona noi kikoʻī e hōʻike pehea e hoʻokele ai nā Metal Soap Stabilizers, me Zinc stearate, i ka hana ma nā huahana PVC honua maoli. E hoʻomaka me ka PVC paʻa: ʻo nā paipu a me nā mea hoʻopili kekahi o nā huahana PVC paʻa maʻamau, a pono lākou i nā mea hoʻopaʻa e hiki ke kū i nā mahana hana kiʻekiʻe a hāʻawi i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma nā wahi ʻino (e laʻa, ma lalo o ka honua, ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai). ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa maʻamau no nā paipu PVC e komo pū me ka hui ʻana o ka calcium stearate (mea hoʻoheheʻe waikawa mua), Zinc stearate (paʻa kala mua), a me ka barium stearate (paʻa wela lōʻihi). Hōʻoia kēia hui ʻana ʻaʻole e hoʻololi ke kala o nā paipu i ka wā o ka extrusion, mālama i ko lākou kūpaʻa kūkulu ma lalo o ke kaomi, a kūʻē i ka hōʻino ʻia mai ka makū o ka lepo a me nā loli o ka mahana. Me ka ʻole o kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa, e lilo nā paipu PVC i mea palupalu a nahā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻaʻole e hoʻokō i nā kūlana ʻoihana no ka palekana a me ke ola lōʻihi.

ʻO nā noi PVC maʻalahi, e hilinaʻi ana i nā plasticizers e hoʻokō i ka malleability, hōʻike i nā pilikia kūikawā no nā stabilizers—pono lākou e kūlike me nā plasticizers a ʻaʻole e neʻe i ka ʻili o ka huahana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka zinc stearate ma ʻaneʻi, ʻoiai ʻo kona kaulahao momona e kūlike me nā plasticizers maʻamau e like me dioctyl phthalate (DOP) a me diisononyl phthalate (DINP). I loko o ka insulation uwea PVC maʻalahi, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka hui ʻana o Zinc stearate a me ka calcium stearate e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e mau ana ka insulation, kūʻē i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela i ka wā extrusion, a mālama i nā waiwai insulation uila i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no nā kaula i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi ʻoihana a i ʻole nā ​​​​hale, kahi e hiki ai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (mai ke au uila a i ʻole nā ​​​​kūlana ambient) ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka PVC, e alakaʻi ana i nā kaapuni pōkole a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia ahi. ʻO kekahi noi PVC maʻalahi koʻikoʻi ka papahele—hilinaʻi ka papahele vinyl i nā Metal Soap Stabilizers e mālama i kona kūlike kala, ka maʻalahi, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka haehae. ʻO Zinc stearate, ma ke ʻano kūikawā, kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka melemele o ka papahele kala māmā, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e mālama i kona ʻano nani no nā makahiki.

ʻO ka PVC Lapaʻau kekahi ʻāpana kahi e pāʻani ai nā Metal Soap Stabilizers i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi, me nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka non-toxicity a me ka biocompatibility. Maanei, hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā ʻōnaehana stabilizer ma nā kopa calcium a me zinc (me Zinc stearate) ma muli o ko lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e pani ana i nā stabilizers kahiko a ʻino e like me ke kēpau a i ʻole cadmium. Pono nā paipu PVC lapaʻau (hoʻohana ʻia i nā laina IV, nā catheters, a me nā lako dialysis) i nā stabilizers ʻaʻole e komo i loko o nā wai o ke kino a hiki ke kū i ka sterilization mahu. ʻO ka zinc stearate, i hui pū ʻia me ka magnesium stearate, hāʻawi i ka paʻa wela e pono ai i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka sterilization, ʻoiai e hōʻoia ana e mau ana ka maʻalahi a me ka maopopo o ka paipu. Hoʻokō kēia hui pū ʻana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o nā kino hoʻoponopono e like me ka FDA a me ka EU's REACH, e lilo ia i koho palekana no nā noi lapaʻau.

I ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana Metal Soap Stabilizer no ka hana ʻana i ka PVC, pono nā mea hana e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau mea nui. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ke ʻano o ka PVC (paʻa vs. flexible) e kuhikuhi ana i ka kūlike o ka stabilizer me nā plasticizers—pono nā ʻano hana flexible i nā stabilizers e like me Zinc stearate e hui maikaʻi me nā plasticizers, ʻoiai hiki i nā ʻano hana paʻa ke hoʻohana i kahi ākea o nā kopa metala. ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā kūlana hana (mahana, manawa noho) e hoʻopilikia i ka hana a ka stabilizer: ʻo nā kaʻina hana wela kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, extrusion o nā paipu paia mānoanoa) e koi ana i nā stabilizers me ka paʻa wela lōʻihi, e like me nā hui barium stearate. ʻO ke kolu, he mea koʻikoʻi nā koi huahana hope (kala, ʻawaʻawa, kū'ē i ke aniau)—koi nā noi meaʻai a lāʻau lapaʻau paha i nā stabilizers ʻaʻole ʻawaʻawa (nā hui calcium/zinc), ʻoiai nā noi waho e pono ai nā stabilizers e kū'ē i ka hōʻino ʻana o UV (pinepine i hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻomoʻa UV). ʻO ka hope, he mea noʻonoʻo ke kumukūʻai: ʻo ka calcium stearate ke koho waiwai loa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā kopa zinc a me barium akā hāʻawi i ka hana maikaʻi loa ma nā wahi kikoʻī.

I ka nānā ʻana i mua, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā Metal Soap Stabilizers i ka hana ʻana i ka PVC e nā ʻano koʻikoʻi ʻelua: ke kūpaʻa a me ke kaomi hoʻoponopono. Ke kāohi nei nā aupuni ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻawahia (e like me ke kēpau a me ka cadmium), e hoʻokele ana i ke koi no nā koho ʻē aʻe ʻaʻohe ʻawahia e like me nā hui calcium-zinc, me nā ʻano Zinc stearate PVC. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana no nā plastics hoʻomau hou aku ke alakaʻi nei i nā mea hana e hoʻomohala i nā Metal Soap Stabilizers bio-based—no ka laʻana, ka waikawa stearic i loaʻa mai nā kumu hou e like me ka ʻaila pama a i ʻole ka ʻaila soybean—e hōʻemi ana i ka wāwae kalapona o ka hana PVC. Ke kālele pū ʻia nei nā hana hou i ka ʻenehana stabilizer i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana: ʻo nā hui hou o nā kopa metala me nā co-stabilizers (e like me nā hui epoxy a i ʻole phosphites) e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka paʻa wela, e hōʻemi ana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka PVC palupalu, a e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ke ola lawelawe o nā huahana hope.

He mea nui nā Metal Soap Stabilizers i ka hana PVC, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka paʻa ʻole o ka polymer ma o kā lākou kuleana pālua ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe HCl a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa kīnā. ʻO ko lākou versatility—mai nā paipu PVC paʻa a hiki i ka insulation uwea maʻalahi a me nā paipu lapaʻau—mai ko lākou kūlike me PVC a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, a me ka hiki ke hoʻopilikino i nā hui no nā noi kikoʻī. ʻO Zinc stearate, ma ke ʻano kūikawā, kū i waho ma ke ʻano he mea nui i kēia mau ʻōnaehana, e hāʻawi ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala mua maikaʻi loa a me ka kūlike me nā ʻano paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana PVC i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomau a me ka palekana, e noho mau ana nā Metal Soap Stabilizers (ʻoi aku ka hui calcium-zinc ʻaʻole ʻawahia) ma ke alo, e hiki ai ke hana i nā huahana PVC kiʻekiʻe a paʻa e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā ʻoihana hou a me nā lula. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kā lākou ʻano hana a me nā koi kikoʻī no ka noi he mea nui ia no nā mea hana e ʻimi nei e wehe i ka hiki piha o PVC me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana huahana a me ka hoʻokō.